Growing a maple tree is an excellent choice for growing a miniature tree. The graceful, carved leaves turn shades of yellow, orange, and red in the fall, attracting the attention of nature lovers.
Relatively easy care adds an advantage when choosing to grow the tree as a bonsai.
Location
The Japanese maple does well in sunny and aerated locations, but when the temperature rises above +30 °C it should be placed out of direct sunlight so that the sun will not damage the leaves. Japanese maple is hardy even when grown as a bonsai, but when the temperature drops below -10 °C, it should be protected from frost by placing it in a suitable unheated room.
Temperature regime
The optimum growing temperature is +15 to +25 °C. In late fall, gradually reduce the temperature to +10…+12 °C. In the winter period it is necessary to provide cold wintering at a temperature of +5…0 °C.
Lighting
Maples need bright, diffused light. Avoid direct sun on hot summer days to prevent leaf burn.
Watering
Japanese maple bonsai need to be watered daily throughout the vegetation period. On hot days, it may be necessary to water the tree several times. Watering should not be done according to a schedule, on specific days and at specific times, but rather based on actual moisture levels. The soil should never dry out completely. Avoid watering with lime water, as the plant prefers a neutral or slightly acidic pH level. Overwatering is also dangerous, as it can cause the roots to rot.
Fertilization
In spring and summer, feed bonsai every 2 weeks with a balanced complex fertilizer (with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). In the fall, use a low nitrogen fertilizer. Feeding is discontinued in winter.
Transplanting
Young trees are transplanted every 1–2 years.
Old trees — every 3–5 years. When transplanting, prune the roots to encourage the growth of thin roots and slow the growth of the tree. This helps maintain a compact size. Repotting is best done in the spring, before buds open.
Shaping and pruning
Conducted in the spring or fall. Soft wire is used to give the branches a curved shape. The wire can be applied at any time, but is best done in winter when the tree is dormant. Make sure it does not cut into the bark.
Diseases and pests
Pests: spider mite, aphids. Inspect the tree regularly, especially the underside of the leaves. Remove dry and damaged leaves. Use a soap solution to remove insects.
Maples need bright diffused lighting. Avoid direct sun on hot summer days to prevent leaf burns.
Soil
The optimal mixture is Akadama, pumice and lava in equal parts. Humus can be added as an organic component. Good drainage should be provided.
